Groundwater - Groundwater usage

13 important questions on Groundwater - Groundwater usage

What is desiccation and how is it prevented in the Netherlands?

The process of becoming too dry. Goverment stimulates the use of surface water for low-grade purposes.

Name 2 different forms of irrigation

-Sprinkling: spraying water over a field
- drip-irrigation: water dripping through small holes in a hose, minimizing losses by limiting ponding, srface runoff and evaporation.

When is capillary rise impossible?

1) The distacne between the groundwater table and the root zone is to large.
2) in grof material the water film around soil particles in the unsaturated zon e is thin and discontinous (flows harder)
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What is a disadvantage of irrigation?

Salinization and waterlogging. To prevent this, extra irrigation water should be applied to leach the soil and groundwater levels should be well controlled.

How can the salt concentration in the root zone become too high?

1) irrigation brings large amounts of dissolved salts
2) capillary rise transports salt from the gruondwater

What questions are asked about pollutants to secure public health?

-do pollutants reach the groundwater, or are they stored or broken down in the unsaturated zone?
-when these pollutantsreach the groundwater, in which direction will they move?
-how fast do the pollutants move in groundwater?
-what is te effect of these pollutants on drinking water or industrial water extracted from groundwater, on residential areas or on surface water quality?

What are examples of location factors for plants?

Fresh/salty water, wet/dry conditions, nutrient rich/poor.

What is hanging water?

Water which is held by the soil against gravity

What is the difference between consolidated and unconsolidated sediment?

Consolidated sediment is lose, uncon.  is bedrock.

What happens to the chemical composition of groundwater when it flows from relatively high areas to lower areas?

The pH of the groundwater increases (basisch) and the nutrient amount increases

What is the subdivision of domestic water use in the in the Netherlands?

1.5% consumption
6% cleaning dishes
8% washing cars
29% flushing the toilet
38% showering and bathing

How is water used in the Netherlands?

Domestic use: 135 L pp per day
Agricultural use: 6500 L pp per day

Industry: 90 L pp per day

What is the minimum water amount pp p day according to the WHO?

5L pp per day

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