Water ofzo
20 important questions on Water ofzo
What are factors that effect runoff?
- urbanisation - more impervious (ondoordringbaar) surface reduce infiltration, removal of vegetation (especially deforestation), artificial drainage networks can shorten runoff time to streams.
What is a river basin?
What is the effect of climate change on evaporation?
Warmer ow wtmosphere - higher moisture-holding capacity - 3.5% more water vapor - MORE GHG! (positive feedback)
-> more cyclones.
-> more moisture - more clouds - more albedo (both negative/positive - low clouds= more albedo, high clouds- trap more heat).
->! more evaporation - changes in ocean surface salinity - extremization of salinity differences - changes in circulation.
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Effect of climate change on precipitation?
What is the effect of climate change on storms?
What is the North Atlantic oscillation?
What is steric sea level rise?
What is eustatic sea level rise?
Does sea ice melting lead to an increase in sea level rise?
What are the rcp scenario's?
RCP 8,5: bau scenario, 2,5: optimistic scenario, 4.5 is best we can hope for, will cause substantional climate change but not as catostrophic as rcp 8.5.
1.9: Paris agreement, <1.5
2.6: <2.0 degrees
4.5: 2.2 degrees by 2100
8.5: 3.7
What are consequences of sea level rise?
loss of land
What are pluvial floods?
What are river floods?
What are flash floods?
What are 3 elements essential of risk?
- hazard: a potential damaging event, phenomenon ot human activity
- exposure: people and economic assets in hazard-prone areas
- vunerability: the potential of the exposed elements to suffer damage.
What are flood fatalities determined by?
Exposure & vulnerability: number and age of exposed people
Adaptation: warning system In place, effectiveness of evacuation
Risk modeling only covers the direct, tangible effects.
What is water scarcity?
Depleting resources.
What is water scarcity?
What is blue water?
What is the concept of water security?
Peak water: when there is not enough ice anymore to maintain the river flow
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