Quality of water - hardness of water

4 important questions on Quality of water - hardness of water

How can dissolved lime sometimes cause problems in everyday life?

when you boil 'hard'tap water, lime will appear as a solid.  e.g. white layer on the heating element of kettle of a coffee machine.
-substance that clogs up holes in a steam iron

What causes causes white scale on tiles of a shower unit, the taps, the bath and the wash basin?

When hard tap water is left to dry out, just the water will evaporate. The lime stays behind.

Where is the hardness of water determined by?

the amount of dissolved lime per litre of water
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Where is one D* equivalent to?

7.1 milligrams of dissolved calcium per litre of water

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