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Water - There are diffrent approaches to managing water suply, some more sustainable than others

27 important questions on Water - There are diffrent approaches to managing water suply, some more sustainable than others

Main players in issues related to water resources

The UN - its economic commisions for Europe water conservation aims to protect the quanity, quality and sustainable use of trans-boundary water resources.

The EU - Its water framework directive and hydropower agreed set targets to restore rivers, lakes, canals and coastal waters to 'good condition'.

National goverment agenices - such as the UK's Enviroment agency, which checks appliance with EU frame works but this could change post Brexit

Risks assosiated with water transfer schmes

Rivers in source area can drop in flow - combined with impacts of climate change can lead to water scarcity
Relocation of people
Can spread disease and pollution
Can change the salinity of the water - impact on fish species
The area receving the water may coninue to over use and pollute without thinking of the consequences

What is water conservation?

It is using water more sapringly and reducing waste.

What did the Southern Nevada water Authority achieve

It achived its target of reducing water use per person between 1990 and 2010 by 25%

Restoration in the aral sea

Funded by the Kazakhstan goverment and the WBO - built a damn and the surface area of the nothern sea has increased from 2,550 sq km to 3,300 sq km

However some areas can't be saved and the surface area is still less than half the total sea in 1960.

How does smart irigation improve water conservation

It is a sustainable teqnique that provides crops with below the optimum water levles during the growth stage so they become less sensative to the lack of water done by drip feeding
Produces the same quanity and quality while using less water

The south-North tranfer scheme in china

Will take 450 billion m3 of water from the Yangtze river to the yellow + Hai rivers

How much is the south-north transfer project expected to cost

Us$100 billion (60% of the money came from the central goverment and the rest will come from the local authorties who will get there money from users)

An example of a megga damn project

Three Gorges dam - completed in 2012 - it was designed to control flooding, improve water supply, generate HEP and make the river navigatable.

How many people were displaced when the three gorges damn was bult

1.3 million

An example of the imapcts of the three gorges dam on marine animals

The dam altered the fish patterns so the Chinese river dolphine is now on the brink of extinction

For how many people has the three gorges dam reduced flood risk

100 million people

How much of Isrel's water is now produced by deslination

55%

What price has water declined to in Israel

$30/month

Example of a desalination plant

Israel's desalination project - 5 plants oppended in 2013 aims to supply reliable water supply

Is the desalination plant in Israel powered by non renewable or renewable energy

Renwebale - solor energy

Why is the south-North Transfer scheme happening in China

Because 2/3 of the farmland is in the north and 80% of the water is in the South - the project will help provide agriculture and water security

Judgemnt on the south-North Transfer scheme and the three gorges dam

By increasing the amount of water being sent to Northern China - the region will continue to over use and pollute without thinking of the consequence

Judgment on Isreal's desalination project

It is unobtainale for poor countries
Less environtally damaging then other hard enginering schemes becasue the water is produced by solor energy
Particularly good in rich coatal dry countries

How much energy is needed to desalinate sea water

1 kilowatt-hour per cubic meter is needed

How long is the south-north canal

The completed canal route is approximately 1,264km

How many people were displaced for the construction of the central route for the South-North Transfer scheme

Over 300,000

How many countries share lakes and rivers

145 countries

By 2030 of many of the world's population will be living in areas of actuate water shortages

Half the world's population

How many people does UNESCO suspect will move from sub sharan africa between 1997 and 2020

60 million will move from desertified areas of Sub-Saharan Africa towards North Africa or Europe.

Where is water conflict more likely

In developing countrie where the country is struggling to feed the growing population and improve their economies.

How many water conflicts does the UN think are around the world

300 potential water conflicts.

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