Nature and restorative environments

8 important questions on Nature and restorative environments

How does the general research model looks like?

Nature -> explainable variable _> health

Which five general variables mediate nature and health?

1- restorative environment (!!)
2 -exercise (!?)
3- Social contacts !(!)
4- child developments (!??)
5 -meaning of life !??

Examples of evidences  that nature increase health? (3)

- presence of green in neighbourhood & health (Durch, de Vries et al, self report, 2000)
- Walkable green - lower mortality (japan) - Takano 2003,
- Gap high/low incomes and health inequality can be reduced by green places (Lancet, 2008)
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Which grounding and theories are under the nature-rest-health approach (3)?

- grounding = biofilia hypothesis: evolutionary determined love for nature.

2 theories:
- Stress reduction theory, Ullrich, 1983: perception nature causes reduction negative feelings and recovers stress
- Attention restoration theory: perception of nature causes recovery of attentional fatigue (ART, Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989)

Results: effects on cognitive tasks, mood or attentional fatigue.

Which variables are grounding the exercises approach?

Running, walking influence health. Evidence is indirect.

Nature -> Social contacts -> health?

People who have more green environment (public green, volkstuinen) act more social, and this is better for their health.
It increases:
- helpfullness
- generousity.

Nature -> Child development?

Poor evidence, lots of speculations, no longitudinal research
Sensitive phases
Natural play stimulate psychological and motor development, especially in the some sensitive phases.

Enhancement of personal growth?

Symbolic, reflection meaning of life..
feelings of autonomy, competence and relatedness
Wilderness tours, case studies.

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