Summary: Wildlife Conservation Short

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  • 1 Chapter 1

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  • Why do endangered species decline?

    Due to habitat loss, over exploitation, introduced species and pollution
  • What is the sixth extinction?

    Due to indirect and direct human effects
    • Species are being lost much quicker than the origin of new species due to human activities  
  • What is meant by aesthetic value?

    Humans derive pleasure from living organisms
    • growing ornamental plants, keeping pets, visiting zoos, ecotourism + viewing wildlife documentaries 
  • How many species are threatened?

    - Fish -> 30%
    - Amphibians -> 21%
    - Reptiles -> 25%
    - Birds -> 12%
    - Mammals: 24%
  • When is a species critically endangered?

    - 80% population size reduction over last 10 years or three gens
    - extent of occupancy <100 square kilometers
    - stable population size < 250 mature adults
    - probability of extinction >50% over 10 years or three gens
  • What are stochastic factors

    - Human-related factors often reduce populations to sizes where species are susceptible to accidental (stochastic) effects
    - Naturally occuring fluctuations experiences by small populations
    - May have environmental, catastrophic, demographic or genetic orgigin
  • What is demographic stochasticity?

    Random variation in birth and dead rates and sex-rations due to chance alone
  • What is genetic stochasticity?

    Encompasses the deleterious impacts of inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity and mutational accumulation on species
  • What is the extinction vortex?

    A feedback between reduced population size, loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding
  • 2 Chapter 2

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  • What is allelic diverstity?

    Number of alleles averaged across loci
    • 33 alleles over 25 allozyme loci
    • A=33/26 = 1.27 
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