Summary: Wildlife Conservation Short
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1 Chapter 1
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Why do endangered species decline?
Due to habitat loss, over exploitation, introduced species and pollution -
What is the sixth extinction?
Due to indirect and direct human effects- Species are being lost much quicker than the origin of new species due to human activities
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What is meant by aesthetic value?
Humans derive pleasure from living organisms- growing ornamental plants, keeping pets, visiting zoos, ecotourism + viewing wildlife documentaries
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How many species are threatened?
- Fish -> 30%
- Amphibians -> 21%
- Reptiles -> 25%
- Birds -> 12%
- Mammals: 24% -
When is a species critically endangered?
- 80% population size reduction over last 10 years or three gens
- extent of occupancy <100 square kilometers
- stable population size < 250 mature adults
- probability of extinction >50% over 10 years or three gens -
What are stochastic factors
- Human-related factors often reduce populations to sizes where species are susceptible to accidental (stochastic) effects
- Naturally occuring fluctuations experiences by small populations
- May have environmental, catastrophic, demographic or genetic orgigin -
What is demographic stochasticity?
Random variation in birth and dead rates and sex-rations due to chance alone -
What is genetic stochasticity?
Encompasses the deleterious impacts of inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity and mutational accumulation on species -
What is the extinction vortex?
A feedback between reduced population size, loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding -
2 Chapter 2
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What is allelic diverstity?
Number of alleles averaged across loci- 33 alleles over 25 allozyme loci
- A=33/26 = 1.27
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