Energy Sources in Surgery
41 important questions on Energy Sources in Surgery
Wave energy at frequencies above ____ cycles per second ( hertz) does not interfere with the body's normal bio-electrical activity.
During surgery the active electrode pencil must be kept _____ on the surgical field.
____ materials are used to insulate the material carrying electricity to prevent injury and maintain the flow of electricity within its circuit.
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During the use of electrosurgery or laser surgery, tissue is destroyed or incised, and this process creates toxic smoke called smoke ____, which is known to be highly toxic.
Continuous repetition of high-frequency waves at low voltage is characteristic of the ____ mode
The PRE must be placed close to the surgical site over _____
_____ coupling is a specific burn hazard of monopolar endoscopic surgery when current passes inadvertently through instrument insulation and adjacent conductive material into tissue
The result of constriction of electrical current by a nonconductive material or area of high density transforms electricity into _____.
When the path of electricity is interrupted by a less-conductive medium, this is called _______
A ____ is required to manage laser risk and define safety protocols
All personal entering a room in which a laser is in use must _____
Protection of the patient during laser surgery would include ____
The ____ determines the degree of thermal damage from the laser.
2. amount of tissue affected
3. length of time tissue is expose
The two most common injuries associated with unintentional laser exposure are
Cryosurgery is the use of an extremely _____ instrument or substance to destroy tissue
In laser surgery a method of intermittent application of the laser light on the target tissue is called
______ uses an intensely hot, precisely focused light beam to cut and coagulate tissue
_____ is a characteristic of laser light in which the frequency of each wave is the same
The grounding pad that is applied to the patient to carry electrical current flow from the patient to the power source unit is known as the _____ electrode.
______ is the term for complete destruction of tissue
The gas, liquid, or solid through which light energy is passed to create a laser beam, contained within the optical resonate chamber, is known as _____
In lasers, a series of mirrors that reflects photons within the optical resonate chamber and causes emission of more photons and the creation of laser energy is known as _____
The destruction of cataracts using ultrasound technology is called _____
In electricity, the periodicity of electromagnetic wave is called _____
______ energy is created when electricity is transformed into mechanical energy to high-frequency vibration and friction
All of the waves in laser lights have exactly the same wavelength or color, which is
Laser are distinguished by the functional or biophysical reaction of the _____
_______ is a characteristic of laser energy in which some cells absorb the lasing medium whereas others do not. This characteristic prevents the spread of heat (and damage) outside the target tissue.
_____ electro-cautery can cause electrocution or cardiac arrest
To prevent alternate site burns, the current exits the body through this highly conductive electrode
Captures electrical current from the active electrode and transmit it back to the power unit
Electrosurgical hand piece or pencil
Current must exit the body to complete the elctrical circuit.
It may be activated by a switch located on the pencil or by a foot pedal
Open procedures require tips such as a flat blade, Teflon-coated blade, needle point, ball tip, and loop
Do not place in a position that might cause the return current to cross other bioelectrical devices such as a pacemaker
Do not position over a scar or prominent bony surface
Endoscopic procedures require long, thin electrodes that can be inserted through a cannula
Stored in sealed packages to keep the gel moist
Laser is an acronym for what ?
Name some of the 8 types of laser mediums
2. Carbon Dioxide (gas)
3.Excimer (gas)
4. Holmium: YAG (solid)
5. Neodymium: YAG (solid)
6. Ruby and Alexandrite (solid)
7. Potassium-titanyl-phosphate (solid)
5. Tunable Dye (liquid)
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