STEP 4: An abuse of a dominant position is necessary
9 important questions on STEP 4: An abuse of a dominant position is necessary
Is it fair for the undertakings to charge excessively high prices to different customers for the same product without objective justifications on grounds of the quality, quantity and other characteristics of the product (United Brands)?
Is it fair for the undertakings to charge excessively high prices to different customers for the same product without objective justifications on grounds of the quality, quantity and other characteristics of the product (United Brands)?
Firstly, explain what predatory pricing is and why the excessively low pricing in AZKO Chemie v Commission was an abuse?
This practice involves artifically cutting prices with the aim of harming compeitiors.
In AZKO, AZKO cuts its flour prices below the cost of production with the 'intention' of eliminating its compeittors, so its conduct was an abuse.
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Can a dominant undertaking (business) refuse to supply products to an existing customer because they have been involved with other competitors (United Brands)?
Does bundling two distinct products amount to an abuse?
Why was the 'bundling' in Hilti AG v Commission considered an abuse?
Explain what types of discounts are permitted and whether it can relate to anything other than volume under Post Danmark II
Explain why linking discounts to the proportion of a buyer's needs for a partiuclar product is abusive (Hoffman-La Roche)?
Are disocunts for prompt payment a form of abuse or is it considered normal practice?
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