Toward a New Worldview - Enlightenment movements across Europe - the influence of the philosophes

4 important questions on Toward a New Worldview - Enlightenment movements across Europe - the influence of the philosophes

Name 3 reasons why in the mid-18th century France became a hub of Enlightenment thought

1. French was the international language of the educated classes and also the wealthiest and most populous country in Europe
2. The rising unpopularity of Louis XV and his mistresses generated growing discontent and calls for reform among the educated elite
3. The French philosophes made it their goal to reach a larger audience of elites

How did the philosophes get their works appeal to the public and get around censors

The philosophes wrote novels and plays, histories and philosophies and dictionaries and encyclopedias, all filed with satire and double meaning to spread their message

What book was the greatest achievement of the philosophes

The book called 'Encyclopedia', were intolerance, legal injustice and out-of-date social institutions were openly criticized
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Name the 2 concepts of Rousseau's book 'the social contract'  and explain them

1. The general will
2. Popular sovereignty

The general will is sacred and absolute, reflecting the common interests of all the people who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power

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