Samenvatting: Social Psychology | 9781841694092 | Eliot R Smith, et al
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Lees hier de samenvatting en de meest belangrijke oefenvragen van Social Psychology | 9781841694092 | Eliot R. Smith, Diane M. Mackie.
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1 What is social psychology?
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Hoe worden we beinvloed door middel van cognitieve processen?
waarnemingen
herinneringen
emoties
motieven.
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Welk onderzoek deden Hastorf en Cantril van de Vanderbilt University in 1987?
Onderzoek waarbij onderzocht werd gereageerd op de vraag of veroordeelde misdadigers proefverlof mochten hebben.Twee groepen studenten met en zonder belang.Er waren 4 video's1. sterke argumenten met applaus2. sterke argumenten met boegeroep3. zwakke argumenten met applaus4. zwakke argumenten met boegeroepStudenten zonder belang sloten zich aan bij de mening van het publiek in de video, studenten met belang luisterden naar de argumenten -
Wat is repons bias?
Als proefpersonen in het onderzoek gedrag vertonen waarvan zij denken dat het sociaal wenselijk is. -
Hoe worden we beinvloed door middel van de sociale processen?
- kennis en opvattingen van andere mensen
- onze eigen gevoelens ten aanzien van de groep waartoe we behoren
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Wat is de taak van een sociaal psycholoog?
Formuleren hypothesen over uitkomsten specifieke situaties
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De twee belangrijkste principes (axioma's) in de sociale psychologie zijn:
1. Mensen construeren hun eigen realiteit2. Sociale invloed doordringt het sociale leven -
Hoe word sociale psychologie gedefinieerd?
Het wordt gedefinieerd als een wetenschappelijke studie. Sociaal psychologen bestuderen sociaal gedrag op een systematische manier, met gebruikmaking van wetenschappelijke methoden die geconstrueerd zijn met bewustzijn van mogelijke fouten. -
wat betekent 'door groep in individu te beschouwen'?
er worden inzichten verkregen van de cognitieve processen van een individu in een sociale context.
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Benoem in 6 punten; wat is de geschiedenis van sociale psychologie?
- eind 19e eeuw: opkomst wetenschappelijke individu, sociale invloed op gedachten en gedrag
- 20e eeuw: dominantie behaviorisme
- jaren 30/40: VS = Behaviorisme, EU=Gestalt, Nazisme=EU psychologen naar VS - WOII praktische probleemvraagstukken
- jaren 50/60: vershuiving cognitieve processen en interpretatie sociale wereld
- jaren 60: toepassing concepten attitude, normen en waarden op onderzoeken
- integratie Europese en VS psychologen; cognitieve en sociale processen voor verklaringen ervaring en gedrag mensen, fundamenteel en toegepast onderzoek, axioma's motivaties en info verwerking.
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Welke psychologische stroming domineerde in Europa?
de Gestalt-theorie, die de cognitieve processen in de interpretatie van de sociale wereld als vanzelfsprekend beschouwde.
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Onderwerpen gerelateerd aan Samenvatting: Social Psychology
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A definition - The scientific study
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Historical trends and current themes in social psychology - Social psychology becomes an empirical science
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Historical trends and current themes in social psychology - Social psychology splits from general psychology over what causes behavior
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Historical trends and current themes in social psychology - The rise of Nazism shapes the development of social psychology
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Approach book - Two fundamental axioms of social psychology
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Approach book - Three motivational principles
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Approach book - Three processing principles
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Andersom - Research questions and the role of theory
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Andersom - Testing Theories: from theory to research
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Andersom - Role of Etics and Values in research
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Forming first impressions; cues, interpretations and inferences
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Beyond first impressions: systematic processing - Causal attributions
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Beyond first impressions: systematic processing - Putting it all together; forming complex impressions
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Beyond first impressions: systematic processing - The accuracy of considered impressions
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Impact van impressie - Impressions and judgements
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Impact van impressie - Defending impressions
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Impact van impressie - Dealing with inconsistent information
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Constructing the self-concept: what we know about ourselves
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Constructing self-esteem: how we feel about ourselves
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Effects of the self: processes of self-regulation - The self and thoughts about ourselves and others
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Effects of the self: processes of self-regulation - The self and emotions: for me or against me?
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Effects of the self: processes of self-regulation - The self in action: regulating behavior
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Effects of the self: processes of self-regulation - Tempations and other threats to self-regulation
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Effects of the self: processes of self-regulation - Taking account of other people's standards
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Defending the self: coping with stresses, inconsistencies and failures - Threats to the well-being of the self
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Defending the self: coping with stresses, inconsistencies and failures - Defending against threat: emotion-focused coping
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Defending the self: coping with stresses, inconsistencies and failures - Attacking threat head-on: problem-focused coping
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Defending the self: coping with stresses, inconsistencies and failures - How to cope?
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Perceiving Groups - Forming impressions of groups: establishing stereotypes - The content of stereotypes
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Perceiving Groups - Forming impressions of groups: establishing stereotypes - Motives for forming stereotypes: mastery through summarizing personal experiences
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Perceiving Groups - Forming impressions of groups: establishing stereotypes - Motives for forming stereotypes: connectedness to others
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Perceiving Groups - Social Categorization:Dividing the world into Social Groups - Activation of stereotypes
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Perceiving Groups - Social Categorization:Dividing the world into Social Groups - Measuring stereotypes and prejudice
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Perceiving Groups - Social Categorization:Dividing the world into Social Groups - Impact of stereotypes on judgements and actions
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Perceiving Groups - Social Categorization:Dividing the world into Social Groups - Trying to overcome stereotype effects
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Perceiving Groups - Social Categorization:Dividing the world into Social Groups - Beyond simple activation: effects of stereotypes on considered judgements
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Perceiving Groups - Changing stereotypes: overcoming bias to reduce prejudice - Barriers to stereotype change
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Perceiving Groups - Changing stereotypes: overcoming bias to reduce prejudice - Overcoming stereotype defenses: the kind of contact that works
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Social Identity - Categorizing oneself as a group member - Accessibility of group memberships
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Social Identity - Me, you and them: effects of social categorization - I becomes WE: social categorization and the Self
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Me, you and them: effects of social categorization - Others become - Mede groepsleden waarnemen
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Social Identity - Me, you and them: effects of social categorization - Others become
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Social Identity - When group memberships are negative
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Attitudes and Attitude Change - Attitudes and their origins - Measuring attitudes
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Attitudes and Attitude Change - Attitudes and their origins - Attitude formation: why and how?
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Attitudes and Attitude Change - Superficial and systematic routes to persuasion: from snap judgements to considered opinions - Superficial processing: persuasion shortcuts
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Attitudes and Attitude Change - Superficial and systematic routes to persuasion: from snap judgements to considered opinions - Systematic processing of persuasive communications
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Attitudes and Attitude Change - Superficial and systematic routes to persuasion: from snap judgements to considered opinions - Superficial and systematic processing: which strategy, when?
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Attitudes and Attitude Change - Defending attitudes: resisting persuasion - Gathering defenses: forewarning, forearming and arguing back
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Attitudes and Attitude Change - Defending attitudes: resisting persuasion - Subliminal persuasion
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Attitudes and Behaviour - Changing attitudes with actions
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Attitudes and Behaviour - Guiding actions with attitudes - How attitudes guide behavior
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Attitudes and Behaviour - Guiding actions with attitudes - When do attitudes influence action?
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - Cnf - The formation of social norms
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - Cnf - Public versus private conformity
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - The dual functions of conformity to norms: mastery and connectedness - The dual functions of conformity to norms
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - The dual functions of conformity to norms: mastery and connectedness - Whose consensus? The impact of reference groups
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - How groups form norms: processes of social influence - Group polarization: going to normative extremes
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - How groups form norms: processes of social influence - Explaining polarized norm formation
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - Conformity pressure: undermining true consensus - When consensus seeking goes awry
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - Conformity pressure: undermining true consensus - Consensus seeking at its worst: groupthink
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Groups, Norms and Conformity - Minority influence: the value of dissent
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Norms and Behavior - Norms: effective guides for social behavior - How norms guide behavior
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Norms and Behavior - Norms: effective guides for social behavior - Why norms guide behavior so effectively
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Norms and Behavior - Norms: effective guides for social behavior - Deindividuation: making group norms more salient
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Norms and Behavior - The norm of reciprocity: treating others as they treat you
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Norms and Behavior - The norm of obedience: submitting to authority - The norm of obedience to authority
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Norms and Behavior - Rebellion and resistance: fighting back
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Norms and Behavior - The norm of commitment: keeping your promises
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Liking and Loving - Initial attraction - Physical attractiveness
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Liking and Loving - Initial attraction - Positive interaction
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Liking and Loving - From acquaintance to friend: relationship delvelopment
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Liking and Loving - Close relationships - Cognitive interdependence: the partner becomes part of the self
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Liking and Loving - Close relationships - Behavioral interdependence: transformations in exchange
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Liking and Loving - Close relationships - Affective interdependence: intimacy and commitment
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Liking and Loving - Close relationships - Types of people, types of relationships
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Liking and Loving - Close relationships - Effects of relationships
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Liking and Loving - Romantic love and sexuality - Passionate feelings
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Liking and Loving - Romantic love and sexuality - Sex in the context of a relationship
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Liking and Loving - When relationships go wrong - Conflict processes
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Liking and Loving - When relationships go wrong - Break-up and aftermath
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Interaction in Groups
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Aggression and conflict - Interpersonal aggression - What triggers aggression?
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Aggression and conflict - Interpersonal aggression - Norms promoting and restraining aggression
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Aggression and conflict - Interpersonal aggression - To hurt or not to hurt: putting it all together
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Intergroup conflict - Sources of intergroup conflict - Realistic Conflict theory:getting the goods
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Intergroup conflict - Sources of intergroup conflict - Escalating conflict: communication and interaction that make things worse
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Intergroup conflict - Sources of intergroup conflict - Perceptions in conflict: what else could you expect from them?
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Aggression and conflict - Intergroup conflict - Escalating conflict
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Aggression and conflict - Intergroup conflict - Final solutions
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Aggression and conflict - Resolving conflict and reducing aggression
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Helping and Cooperation - Why do people help? Helping for mastery and connectedness
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Helping and Cooperation - Role of superficial or systematic processing in helping and coopertion - The impact of processing
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Helping and Cooperation - Prosocial behavior in society - Help that helps; help that hurt